{"id":10794,"date":"2021-12-25T20:43:36","date_gmt":"2021-12-25T20:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=10794"},"modified":"2021-12-25T20:43:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-25T20:43:40","slug":"biraz-tarih-dunden-bugune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=10794","title":{"rendered":"Biraz Tarih: D\u00fcnden Bug\u00fcne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi imparatorluklar\u0131n sonu gelmi\u015fti. En i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 par\u00e7a da \u015f\u00fcphesiz Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019dur. Sava\u015f 1918\u2019de bitmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen,\u00a0 Devlet-i Aliyye\u2019nin \u00e7ekildi\u011fi topraklarda Sevr ile ba\u015flayan y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n hesab\u0131 kapanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu bir sava\u015f\u0131n, y\u00fcz y\u0131la varan\u00a0 bakiyesi <\/span><\/em>her an masadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi, kuzey do\u011fuda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir\u00a0\u00c7arl\u0131k<\/strong>\u00a0Rusya\u2019<\/strong>s\u0131n\u0131 kimse istememektedir. Ancak sava\u015fa dahil edilerek cephenin geni\u015fleyip y\u00fcklerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 istediklerinden olsa gerektir ki\u00a0\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un Kuzeyi\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0Ruslara v\u00e2\u00e2d edilmi\u015ftir. Orada sava\u015f\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0Ekim Devrimi, Ruslar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7ine d\u00f6nemsine ve Istanbul\u2019u \u00a0\u201c\u015fimdilik\u201d\u00a0 unutmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara bak\u0131nca, unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n eline s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikte<\/strong> kimse su d\u00f6kemez.\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczden en k\u0131sa, en bilindik yol tercih edilir:\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 ile Ruslar\u0131 Sava\u015ft\u0131rmak<\/strong>\u2026 Bunun i\u00e7in alttan alta s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u015fletilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Akdeniz Ticareti\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7irmesini engel olmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Askeri olarak Ruslar\u0131 engelleyecek; ekonomik olarak \u0130ngilizlere ba\u011flanacak bir\u00a0Osmanl\u0131,<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 tercih sebebidir.<\/em>\u00a0Zaten Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 da sa\u011fman\u0131n yolu,\u00a0\u201cbor\u00e7 sarmal\u0131na almak\u201d<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0 oldu\u011fu bilinmektedirler. Nihayet bu kapan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti sava\u015f i\u00e7in gerekli paray\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019den sa\u011flar ve Rusya ile sava\u015fa girer. \u0130ngiltere\u2019den sa\u011flanan mali kaynak 3 milyon sterlindir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1854 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lanmaya ba\u015flayan \u0130mparatorluk, 1875 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyemez ve moratoryum ilan edilir. \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan 100 kuru\u015fluk kaymelerin 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde 20 kuru\u015fluk al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve gelen d\u00f6nemde 10 kuru\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fmesi,\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde<\/a>\u00a0yer alan foto\u011fraflardan da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6denmesi tam 100 y\u0131l alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nihayet, 1954\u2019te\u00a0 son kuru\u015funa dek \u00f6denebilmi\u015ftir. Ancak k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra ya\u015fanan deval\u00fcasyon, 1$ = 3\u20ba\u00a0 dengesinden 1$ = 9\u20ba dengesine, o y\u0131llar\u0131n ekonomiye \u00f6nemli bir darbesi olmu\u015ftur\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk ve Rus Yard\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n finansman\u0131 dendi\u011finde Sovyetlerden gelen yard\u0131m dile getirilir, do\u011frudur. Bu yard\u0131m\u0131n verdi\u011fi cesaret, i\u00e7eride de bir \u00a0Russeverlik<\/strong>\u00a0 damar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f, \u00a0Rus modeli bir sistem uygulans\u0131n telkinleri artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk bunu, ba\u015fta g\u00fcndem yapmayarak, sonra da ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil;\u00a0\u201ckendimize has bir model uygulayaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong> s\u00f6ylemiyle \u201cred\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi de (1923) Lozan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin kesildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya ile birlikte piyasa yanl\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir kalk\u0131nma modeli benimsendi: 1923-1932 aras\u0131 piyasa ekonomisi, 1933-1950 aras\u0131nda ise devletin \u00f6nc\u00fc oldu\u011fu ekonomi politikalar\u0131 uyguland\u0131. Hakikaten \u201ckendimize has\u201d <\/strong>bir kalk\u0131nma modeli oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1908\u2019den itibaren ba\u015flayan Devlet-i Aliye\u2019nin yo\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015flar\u0131 ekonomiyi alt \u00fcst etmeye yetmi\u015ftir. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin sonunda, yokluklarla kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ilk y\u0131llarda dahi ununu bu\u011fday\u0131n\u0131 Rusya\u2019dan ve Amerika\u2019dan; bezini ise sadece Amerika\u2019dan temin eden bir \u00fclke durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manda ve Himaye Kabul Edilemez!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal\u2019in en \u00f6nemli duru\u015fu, \u0130ngiliz ve ABD mandas\u0131n\u0131 reddetmesiyle ba\u015flar. \u00a0\u201cDevir sava\u015f devri de\u011fil, ABD\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nal\u0131m, o bizi kurtar\u0131r ve medenile\u015ftirir.\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0diyen Halide Edip\u2019lere ra\u011fmen,\u00a0\u201cya istikl\u00e2l ya \u00f6l\u00fcm!\u201d<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0denir.\u00a0 Bug\u00fcn bu manda ve himaye kabul edilseydi; siz g\u00f6r\u00fcn o vakit milli gelir ne kadar olurmu\u015f?!<\/span><\/strong>..\u00a0 \u00a0\u00dcstelik ne b\u00f6yle bir orta gelir tuza\u011f\u0131, ne de geli\u015fme sorununu konu\u015fuyor olurduk. Gerek ekonomik, gerekse siyasi anlamda \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n sebebi, gelip \u00a0istikl\u00e2l\u00a0 m\u00fccadelemize,\u00a0h\u00fcrriyet\u00a0deyi\u015fimize,\u00a0\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00a0taleplerimize<\/strong>\u00a0dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milli \u00c7\u0131karlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milli menfeatler \u00f6ncelenmeden millet varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve devlet olmaktan s\u00f6z edilemez. Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde 17 \u015eubat \u2013 4 Mart 1923\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen\u00a0\u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi<\/strong>\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal\u2019in,\u00a0\u201cHayat demek ekonomi demektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; Millet yoksul kald\u0131k\u00e7a <\/span>hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapamaz\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>ifadesi, m\u00fccadelenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vergilerin d\u00f6rtte birini olu\u015fturan A\u015far\u2019\u0131n<\/strong> kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 y\u0131l k\u00f6yl\u00fcye 20 y\u0131l vadeyle toprak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, bu d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1923-1930 aras\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc te\u015fvik i\u00e7in,\u00a0\u201cTe\u015fvik-i Sanayi Kanunu\u201d\u00a0<\/strong> yeniden d\u00fczenlendi. \u00d6zellikle tekstil ve \u015feker gibi halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yine bu d\u00f6nemde\u00a0demiryollar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0da faaliyete ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n heyecan ve yokluklarla var edilen ekonomisi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi 1980\u2019lere kadar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980-2000 aras\u0131nda uygulanan politikalar\u0131n 2001 krizinde \u00fclkeye neler ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haf\u0131zalardad\u0131r.  son 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r uygulanan politikalar\u0131n sonuna gelindi. Bundan sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hamlelere ihtiya\u00e7 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizi o g\u00fcnlerden bug\u00fcnlere ta\u015f\u0131yan ba\u015fta Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve silah arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve c\u00fcmle kahramanlar\u0131 rahmet ve \u015f\u00fckranla an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi imparatorluklar\u0131n sonu gelmi\u015fti. En i\u015ftah a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 par\u00e7a da \u015f\u00fcphesiz Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019dur. Sava\u015f 1918\u2019de bitmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen,\u00a0 Devlet-i Aliyye\u2019nin \u00e7ekildi\u011fi topraklarda Sevr ile ba\u015flayan y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n hesab\u0131 kapanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu bir sava\u015f\u0131n, y\u00fcz y\u0131la varan\u00a0 bakiyesi her an masadad\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi, kuzey do\u011fuda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir\u00a0\u00c7arl\u0131k\u00a0Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 kimse istememektedir. Ancak sava\u015fa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10795,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[546,746,111,1,166,591,153],"tags":[540,1085],"class_list":["post-10794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-butce","category-butce-aciklari","category-ekonomi","category-genel","category-guncel","category-para","category-tarih","tag-duyun-u-umumiye","tag-tutun-rejisi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10796,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10794\/revisions\/10796"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}