{"id":289,"date":"2014-09-22T14:24:54","date_gmt":"2014-09-22T14:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=289"},"modified":"2016-06-19T13:37:32","modified_gmt":"2016-06-19T13:37:32","slug":"pentagon-sosyal-bilimlere-yatirim-yapiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=289","title":{"rendered":"Pentagon Sosyal Bilimlere Yat\u0131r\u0131m Yap\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sonra erince, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD) \u00fcniversitelerinde bir skandal patlak vermi\u015fti: \u00d6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftiren tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim insanlar\u0131 ve bilimsel ama\u00e7l\u0131 deneylerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 laboratuvarlar\u0131n Pentagon taraf\u0131ndan el alt\u0131nda finanse edildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir yandan, bilim insan\u0131\u00a0s\u0131fat\u0131yla, bilim ad\u0131na\u00a0bildirdikleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin do\u011frulu\u011funa g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015ferken, di\u011fer yandan, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n askeri ama\u00e7l\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6neme geri d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Pentagon kurumsal olarak (ABD Savunma Balkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) Sosyal Bilimlerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan \u00fcniversitelerin ana sponsorudur. Pentagon, \u00fcniversitelere finansman sa\u011flayarak, \u00f6ncelikle insanlar\u0131n\/vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hangi saikler do\u011frultusunda siyasal hareketlere y\u00f6neldiklerini \u00f6\u011frenmeyi ve bu hareketleri manip\u00fcle etmeyi hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Program\u0131 (US Department of Defense<\/i>) ABD\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren askeri ama\u00e7l\u0131 muhtelif ajanslar\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde ya\u015fanan\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sivil\/ toplumsal nitelikli huzursuzluklara neden olan dinamiklerin (sosyal riskler ve bu risklerin bertaraf edilme noktalar\u0131) \"BU_sava\u015f_bitermodelinin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in finansman sa\u011flayarak, \u00fcniversiteleri destekliyor.\u00a0Milyonlarca dolarl\u0131k finansman sa\u011flanan bu programla, hem k\u0131sa vadeye ve hem de uzun vadeye y\u00f6nelik savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u201caskeri anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmek \u00fczere<\/i>\u201d, Savunma Politikas\u0131 Kurumu\/ Toplulu\u011fu (the defense policy community<\/i>) b\u00fcnyesinde y\u00fcksek kademede g\u00f6rev yapan uzmanlar\u0131n ve karar al\u0131c\u0131 makamlar\u0131n hizmetine verilecek \u015fekilde, ortak bir politika geli\u015ftirme ve askeri komutanlarca uygulamaya konulan politikalara a\u00e7\u0131klama getiriliyor.<\/p>\n

ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Sosyal Bilimlerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan \u00fcniversitelerin i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bankac\u0131l\u0131k krizinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l olan 2008\u2019de, \u201cMinerva Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130nisiyatifi<\/i>\u201d ad\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131lan bu programla, ABD\u2019nin stratejik \u00f6neme sahip olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201csosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, davran\u0131\u015fsal ve siyasal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin neden oldu\u011fu temel anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu<\/i>\u201d anlama hedeflenmi\u015ftir. 2014 ve 2017 d\u00f6nemine y\u00f6nelik finansman deste\u011fi verilerek \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilen projeler aras\u0131nda, \u201cbir b\u00f6lgede geli\u015fen sosyal bir hareketin seferber olma dinamiklerinin neler oldu\u011funun ve bu hareketin ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeye sirayet etme s\u00fcrecinin nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini<\/i>\u201d tespit etmek amac\u0131yla ABD Hava Kuvvetleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma servisinin y\u00f6netiminde, Cornell \u00dcniversitesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ara\u015ft\u0131r\"cark\"mayla, 2011\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen M\u0131s\u0131r devrimi s\u00fcrecinden, 2011\u2019de Rusya\u2019da, Duma\u2019da yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerden, 2012\u2019de Nijerya\u2019da meydana gelen petrol krizinden ve 2013\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Gezi Park\u0131 protesto g\u00f6sterilerinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak, \u201csay\u0131sal\/dijital verilerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/i>\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131 marifetiyle, bir b\u00f6lgede geli\u015fen sosyal bir hareketin ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeye sirayet etme s\u00fcrecinde \u201ckritik kitle davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n (d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131n)<\/i>\u201d nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenilmek isteniyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cSosyal bir hareketin ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeye sirayet etmesinde mobilize olan ki\u015filerin kimler oldu\u011fu ve ne zaman mobilize olduklar\u0131<\/i>\u201d hususunu tespit etmek amac\u0131yla Twiter \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen mesaj ve diyaloglar incelemeye al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Washington \u00dcniversitesinde bu y\u0131l ba\u015fka bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya daha ba\u015fland\u0131: \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte siyasal ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin olmas\u0131na neden olan politik hareketlerin hangi \u015fartlarda meydana geldi\u011finin tespit edilmesi<\/i>\u201d isteniyor. ABD Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Servisince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu proje, 58 \u00fclkeyi kapsamakta olup, \u201cuzun s\u00fcre devam eden, 1000\u2019den fazla ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kitlesel hareketlerin<\/i>\u201d neler oldu\u011funu tespit etmek \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca desteklenen\u00a0Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130nisiyatifi ge\u00e7en sene, Pasifiklerde geli\u015fen hareketlerin militanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201csiyasal \u015fiddet partizanlar\u0131n\u0131<\/i>\u201d ayn\u0131 torbaya koyan, \u201csilahl\u0131 militanizme<\/i>\u201d d\u00e2hil olmak istemeyen ter\u00f6r eylemi taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011ferler eylemlerden ay\u0131rmayan, \u201ckimler ter\u00f6rist olmuyor ve neden?<\/i>\u201d adl\u0131 bir proje y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu projeyle, \u015fiddet uygulamayan militanlar mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yor: Ayn\u0131 ailevi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sosyo-ekonomik \u015fartlar\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131p, ter\u00f6rizme y\u00f6nelmelerinde belirleyici \u015fartlar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu, silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n amac\u0131na sempati duyan, ancak, yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar, silahl\u0131 herhangi bir angajmana girmeyen ki\u015filerin profilleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Ter\u00f6rizm konusunda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131nda tan\u0131kl\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip bu gruplar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmesi hedefleniyor. Bu proje ter\u00f6ristleri temel alm\u0131yor, ancak, siyasal \u015fiddetin sempatizanlar\u0131n\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu projeler alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen 14 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n her birisi, \u201cm\u00fccadelenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde \u015fiddet yolunu tercih etmeyen, radikal davalar\u0131n savunulmas\u0131na yak\u0131nl\u0131k duyan, parti militan\u0131 veya h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 organizasyon aktivisti 10 ki\u015fiden fazla gruplarla yap\u0131lan detayl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme<\/i>\u201d sonucunda elde edilen \u00f6rnek olaylara dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Projede esas ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan, ABD Deniz Lisans\u00fcst\u00fc Okulunda Profes\u00f6r Maria Rasmussen ile temasa ge\u00e7tim; \u015fiddet uygulamayan, H\u00fck\u00fcmet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Organizasyon (NGO) i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan militanlar\u0131n neden siyasal \u015fiddet uygulayan militanlar ile ayn\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cpartiler ile H\u00fck\u00fcmet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 organizasyonlar\u0131n<\/i>\u201d neden ankete konu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 sordum, ama cevap alamad\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Program\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ama\u00e7l\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Organizasyonlar\u0131n (NGO) savundu\u011fu \u201cradikalm\u00fccadelelerin<\/i>\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nas\u0131l oluyor da ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren Milli G\u00fcvenlik Konseptine potansiyel tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011fu konusu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, sormak istedi\u011fim sorular\u0131ma cevap vermeyi kabul etmediler.<\/p>\n

Sorular\u0131mdan baz\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u201cABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, protesto hareketlerini ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde meydana gelen sosyal hareket militanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019nin Mili G\u00fcvenli\u011fine tehdit olarak m\u0131 alg\u0131l\u0131yor? Cevap evet ise, neden? Sosyal militanizm, g\u00f6steri yapma, siyasal hareketler ve tabii ki, H\u00fck\u00fcmet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Organizasyonlar sivil toplumun ve demokrasinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan elemanlard\u0131r; Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu konular etraf\u0131nda geli\u015fen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara neden finansman sa\u011fl\u0131yor?<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n

Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Program\u0131 Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Erin Fitzgerald daha detayl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmadan \u00f6nce \u201ckonuyla ilgili merak\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 anl\u0131yorum ve bizimle temasa ge\u00e7mek suretiyle, gerekli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bize vermenizden memnun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/i>\u201d bildirmi\u015fti. Gerekli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine, Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bas\u0131n Servisinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 ald\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cSavunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD\u2019nin, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fcttefiklerinin ve ittifak yapan \u00fclkelerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama rol\u00fcn\u00fc ciddiye almaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn meydan okumalar\/hareketler \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma yarat\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olmasa dahi, her bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ABD ordusunu hedeflemese dahi, Minerva Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Program,\u0131 Sosyal Bilimlerde yap\u0131lan \u00f6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n finansman\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur. Bu\u00a0katk\u0131, Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyada geli\u015fen istikras\u0131zl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvensizlik olaylar\u0131n\u0131n nedenini anlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmektedir. Meydana gelen anla\u015fmazl\u0131k konular\u0131n\u0131 ve bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n nedenini anlama \u00e7abas\u0131 sayesinde Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7evre g\u00fcvenli\u011finde etkin olup, kendini gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlayabilmektedir.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n

Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Program\u0131, 2013\u2019te, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak meydana gelen sivil nitelikli rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu riskleri de\u011ferlendirmeyi ama\u00e7layan, Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ile ortakla\u015fa y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada Maryland \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir programa s\u00fcbvansiyon sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu program, 1,9 milyon dolar b\u00fct\u00e7eli, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreli olup, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi muhtelif senaryolar\u0131na g\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan toplumlar\u0131n ya\u015fayabilecekleri olaylar\u0131n modellerini \u00f6nceden geli\u015ftirmeyi hedefliyor.\u00a0Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Program\u0131na, daha ilk ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren, Sosyal Bilimlerde ve davran\u0131\u015fsal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrede, 75 milyon dolar tahsis edilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sadece i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz bu y\u0131l i\u00e7in ABD Kongresi taraf\u0131ndan 17,8 milyon dolar tahsis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Program\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bir e-mail\u2019de, 2012 Master program\u0131na ili\u015fkin payla\u015f\u0131lan an\u0131lardan birisinde, program\u0131n asl\u0131nda kara harek\u00e2t\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131nda uygulanabilecek, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7 almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. S\u00f6z konusu bu an\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131m yaz\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda,\u00a0Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Program\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Arizona Devlet \u00dcniversitesine s\u00fcbvansiyon sa\u011flaman\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 gere\u011fi, \u201cdevrim-kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman s\u00f6ylemi<\/i>\u201d geli\u015ftirilmesi ile ilgili konuya da de\u011finiliyor.<\/p>\n

Program\u0131n \u00f6nemli sorumlu ki\u015filerden birisi Prof. Stve Corman\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fma mail\u2019inde Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 program\u0131 gere\u011fi d\u00fczenlenen bir toplant\u0131dan bahsediliyor: Pentagon g\u00f6revlisi \u00fcst d\u00fczey subaylar\u0131n\/memurlar\u0131n \u201cm\u00fcdahil olmalar\u0131 halinde do\u011frudan entegre edilebilen model ve ara\u00e7lar<\/i>\u201d formunda \u201ck\u0131sa s\u00fcrede uygulanabilir kapasiteyi geli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik<\/i>\u201d \u00f6ncelikle onlar\u0131n haz\u0131r olabilece\u011fi Sosyal K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Davran\u0131\u015f Modeli Geli\u015ftirme (Human Social Cultural and Behavioural Modeling<\/i>) konular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclece\u011fi bir toplant\u0131.<\/p>\n

Deniz Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Servisi Denet\u00e7isi Dr. Harold Hawkins\u2019in ilk ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren, \u00dcniversitelerde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u201cherhangi bir oyuna ve uygulanacak bir enstr\u00fcman\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m
\nas\u0131 konusunda kayg\u0131 duymamam\u0131z\u0131n gerekti\u011fi, bilimsel bir temel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ama\u00e7l\u0131<\/i>\u201d oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde garanti vermesine ra\u011fmen, Prof Corman\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir e-mail\u2019den, ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da \u201cbilimsel uygulama<\/i>\u201d formunda, \u201cmaddi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n<\/i>\u201d elde edilmesi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Prof. Stve Corman, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131na,Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n – muhtemelen operasyon ama\u00e7l\u0131 – \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi alanlarda uygulanabilecek ara\u00e7lar\u0131 net olarak g\u00f6rebilecekleri \u201cbi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f somut sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, raporlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerini\u2026 vs<\/i>\u201d \u00f6neriyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan bilim insanlar\u0131, ABD y\u00f6netimince Sosyal Bilimler ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f yapma amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda militarize edilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyorlar. Amerikan Antropoloji Derne\u011fi (American Anthropological Association<\/i>) May\u0131s 2008\u2019de ABD y\u00f6netimine, kurum olarak Pentagon\u2019un \u201ctitiz, dengeli ve objektif bir akran incelemesine<\/i>\u201d olanak v\"151sosyal_bilimler_ensbanner\"eren \u201cAntropoloji alan\u0131ndaki (ve de di\u011fer sosyal bilimlerde) ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesini yapabilecek altyap\u0131ya sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/i>\u201d ve bu t\u00fcr bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n daha ziyade Ulusal Bilim Vakf\u0131 (National Science Foundation-NSF<\/i>) gibi sivil nitelikli kurumlar\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fini bir yaz\u0131yla bildirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Haziran 2008\u2019de,\u00a0Minerva<\/i>Program\u0131n\u0131n ortak y\u00f6netimi konusunda Ulusal Bilim Vakf\u0131 (National Scinece Foundation-NSF<\/i>) ile anla\u015fma protokol\u00fc imzalad\u0131. Amerikan Antropoloji Derne\u011fi (American Anthropological Association<\/i>), anla\u015fma protokol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olarak,\u201cara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n Ulusal Bilim Vakf\u0131 (NSF) \u0130nceleme Komiteleri taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130nceleme Komitelerinin kimlerden olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisinin yine de Pentagon\u2019daki makamlar\u0131n elinde oldu\u011fu<\/i>\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftu. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n

\u201cBu alandaki ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n, bilimsel ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan daha ziyade, Pentagon\u2019un d\u00fcnyay\u0131 y\u00f6netme politikas\u0131 g\u00fcndemine uygun oldu\u011fu zaman ancak finansman sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131 duyulmaya devam ediliyor. Sorumluluk hisseden Antropologlar \u00e7evresinden (Network of Concerned Anthropolgists) Minerva program\u0131na getirilen ba\u015fka bir ele\u015ftiri; bu program\u0131n, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz eden di\u011fer bilimsel alanlarda da benzer ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f
\n\u0131 ve ABD Ordusu faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z tart\u0131\u015fma ve ele\u015ftirilerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan \u00fcniversitenin bilimsel rol\u00fcnde, Pentagon ile uzla\u015fmaya gidildi\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindedir<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Antropolojinin Silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131: Militarize Devletin Hizmetinde Antropoloji Bilimi (Weaponizing Anthropology: Social Sciences in Service of the Militarized State<\/i>) kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131, Washington DC, St.Martin \u00dcniversitesinde K\u00fclt\u00fcr Antropoloji alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan Dr. David Price\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cProjelerin \u00e7o\u011funda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 birer birer ele alacak olursan\u0131z, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n Sosyal Bilimler normal \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc havas\u0131n\u0131 edinirsiniz: Metin analizleri, tarihsel incelemeler \u2026.vs; ancak, bu incelemeleri bir araya getirdi\u011finizde, anla\u015f\u0131labilir \u015fe
\nkilde, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 basitle\u015ftirme yoluna gitmek suretiyle, \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak noktalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz<\/i>\u201d. Pentagon kurum olarak, Minerva program\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u00fcrekli olarak finansman sa\u011flayarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan ki\u015filerin total proje \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bireysel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer vermeyecekleri \u015fekilde, nihai hedefleri do\u011frultusunda projeleri havale ediyor.<\/p>\n

Prof. David Price\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda – Sosyal Bilimlerde uzman ki\u015filerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 askeri kara operasyonlar\u0131na nas\u0131l dahil edilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f – Pentagon\u2019un\u00a0Human Terrain System<\/i>\u00a0(HTS) program\u0131n\u0131n, ABD ordusunu bir senaryolar dizisi gere\u011fi, Amerika s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde bir b\u00f6lgede, rutin olarak tatbikat e\u011fitimini yapmaya nas\u0131l sevk etti\u011fini daha \u00f6nce zaten g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Prof. Price, eski bir memur taraf\u0131ndan HTS direkt\u00f6rlerine g\u00f6nderilen program\u0131n ele\u015ftirel bir \u00f6zetinde al\u0131nt\u0131 yaparak, olaylar\u0131n askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan incelenmesi amac\u0131yla, yerel bir halk\u0131n, kurulu bir d\u00fczen dengesine ve mevcut d\u00fczenin etki alan\u0131na tehdit te\u015fkil etti\u011fi, \u00fclkenin hukuk ve sosyal d\u00fczenine ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durum senaryosu \u00fczerinde deney yap\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle, Afganistan ve Irak\u2019ta meydana gelen olaylar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen, HTS tatbikat e\u011fitimlerini isyan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 COIN (counterinsurgency<\/i>) projesine uyarlama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rapor etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Prof. Price, \u201caralar\u0131nda baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n H\u00fck\u00fcmet D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Organizasyonu (ONG) \u00c7evreci Sierra Club\u2019u \u00fcyelerinin de oldu\u011fu, Orta-Bat\u0131 Amerika\u2019da, Missouri Eyaleti yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda faaliyette olan, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir santralin neden oldu\u011fu hava kirlili\u011finden dolay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 protesto g\u00f6sterilerinin d\u00fczenlenmesiyle \u00e7evreci militanlar\u0131n seferber edildi\u011fi bir sava\u015f oyununun s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funu<\/i>\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6sterilere kat\u0131lanlar aras\u0131nda \u201csoruna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma<\/i>\u201d talebine bulunanlar ve bu sorundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u201cfitne \u00e7\u0131karanlar<\/i>\u201d \u015feklinde grup tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yap\u0131larak i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sava\u015f oyunun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezini bu y\u00f6ndeki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ve ABD Ordusunun izledi\u011fi stratejiyi \u201chedef se\u00e7ilen kitleyi<\/i>\u201d olu\u015fturan de\u011ferler sistemine do\u011fru kaymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, toplumun di\u011fer kesimini meydana getiren halk kitlesi propaganda operasyonlar\u0131na hedef olarak belirlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu sava\u015f oyunlar\u0131, ABD Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumunca (National Security Agency-NSA<\/i>) tasarlanan kitle g\u00f6zetim faaliyetlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00e7evre, enerji ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 \u015foklar\u0131n meydana gelmesini tahrik eden istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma etkisini yaratma haz\u0131rl\u0131k safhas\u0131yla motive edilmesini sal\u0131k veren Pentagon\u2019un haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 planlama dok\u00fcmantasyonu serisiyle tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

New York Binghamton \u00dcniversitesi, Bartle Sosyoloji K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden Prof. James Petras, Prof. David Price\u2019\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kayg\u0131lara kat\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Program\u0131yla s\u00fcbvansiyon verilen ve Pentagon\u2019un isyan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 operasyonlar\u0131na eklemlenen Sosyal Bilimlerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan bilim insanlar\u0131 ABD y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan \u201cideolojik hareketlerin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da, tabandan gelen
\nsosyal hareketlerin n\u00f6trle\u015ftirmesi de dahil, bu t\u00fcr toplumsal hareketlerin alevlendirilmesiyle provoke edilen duygular\u0131n incelenmesi<\/i>\u201d istenilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara dahil olmu\u015flard\u0131r.\"osman_hamdi_bey_kuran_okuyan_adam_tablosu\"<\/p>\n

Minerva<\/i>\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Program\u0131, askeri ideolojinin derinlerde yatan k\u00f6klerinden kaynakl\u0131 dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa mahkum do\u011fas\u0131na iyi\u00a0bir \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir. Daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n insani en temel sorulara cevap vermekte isteksiz davranmas\u0131, bu olgunun semptomlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131d\u0131r: Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumlar\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet ederlerken, geni\u015f halk katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n aleyhine olacak \u015fekilde, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde bir d\u00fcnya sistemini savunma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki sars\u0131lmaz misyonlar\u0131 gere\u011fi g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirlerken, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bizleri potansiyel ter\u00f6rist olarak telaki edebilirlerken hi\u00e7bir vicdan azab\u0131 duymuyorlar.<\/p>\n

Yazar :\u00a0Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviri :\u00a0Nizamettin Karabenk<\/p>\n

Kaynak :\u00a0http:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/article184466.html<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sonra erince, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD) \u00fcniversitelerinde bir skandal patlak vermi\u015fti: \u00d6\u011frenci yeti\u015ftiren tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim insanlar\u0131 ve bilimsel ama\u00e7l\u0131 deneylerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 laboratuvarlar\u0131n Pentagon taraf\u0131ndan el alt\u0131nda finanse edildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir yandan, bilim insan\u0131\u00a0s\u0131fat\u0131yla, bilim ad\u0131na\u00a0bildirdikleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin do\u011frulu\u011funa g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015ferken, di\u011fer yandan, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n askeri ama\u00e7l\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6neme geri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=289"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8214,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions\/8214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}