{"id":7966,"date":"2015-01-22T22:44:40","date_gmt":"2015-01-22T22:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=7966"},"modified":"2017-11-22T07:39:31","modified_gmt":"2017-11-22T07:39:31","slug":"merkez-bankasi-davulunun-sesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=7966","title":{"rendered":"Merkez Bankas\u0131 Davulunun Sesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6nce Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n<\/a> ge\u00e7mi\u015finden k\u0131sa bir kesit. Malum Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6nemidir.\u00a0Y\u00f6netimi derken,<\/strong> zaman\u0131nda ve tam olarak \u00f6denmesinden s\u00f6z ediyoruz, yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n. Osmanl\u0131 paras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz paras\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurunun sabit tutulmas\u0131<\/strong><\/em> gerekiyordu. Bu ama\u00e7la Galata bankerlerinden Alleon ve Baltaz\u0131ylazi ile bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019ya yap\u0131lacak \u00f6demelerin kuru belirlenir. 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Galata bankerlerine Bank-\u0131 Dersaadet ad\u0131nda bir banka kurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in izin verir. B\u00f6ylece Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ilk defa d\u0131\u015f \u00f6demeleri d\u00fczenleme i\u015fi i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 bir banka kurulmu\u015f oldu. Bir s\u00fcre sonra da 1856 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere kral\u0131n\u0131n bir ferman\u0131 ile \u0130ngiliz sermayeli Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 \u201cOttoman Bank\u201d kurulur. Merkezi Londra\u2019d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlarda kredi vermek, h\u00fck\u00fcmete avans vermek ve baz\u0131 hazine bonolar\u0131n\u0131 iskonto etmekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir merkez bankas\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 fikri \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara aittir. Onlar \u201c\u0130tibar-\u0131 Milli Bankas\u0131\u201d kurarak Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yerini alacak bir devlet bankas\u0131 kurmak isterler. 1923\u2019te \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde konu ele al\u0131n\u0131r. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda acaba haz\u0131r Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131n\u0131 millile\u015ftirsek mi fikri de g\u00fcndemdedir. O d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 ile Cumhuriyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma yapar, Banka Osmanl\u0131 paras\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llarca basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda sona erecek olan banknot ihrac\u0131 imtiyaz\u0131 1935 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzat\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck(!)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong> \u015fart eklenir. Bankaya Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr atanmas\u0131 Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iznine tabi olacak; Bankan\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralar Cumhuriyet banknotlar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilecek.<\/p>\n

Bu arada Merkez Bankas\u0131 fikri de devam eder. \u0130lk ciddi giri\u015fim T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Mart 1928\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 Hollanda Merkez Bankas\u0131 Meclis \u00dcyesi Dr. G. Vissering\u2019i T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye davet eder. Vissering bir \u00fclkenin kendi Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6neminden bahseder ve bir rapor d\u00fczenler. Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131 Frans\u0131z iktisat\u00e7\u0131 Prof. C. Rist\u2019i davet eder. 1930\u2019a kadar Almanlar da davet edilir. Almanlar ekonomi olmadan merkez Bankas\u0131na gerek yok der. \u0130talyanlar davet edilir onlar mutlak surette bir Merkez Bankas\u0131 olmas\u0131 gere\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n

Sonunda Merkez Bankas\u0131 kanun tasar\u0131s\u0131 11 Haziran 1930 tarihinde Meclis\u2019ten ge\u00e7erek yasala\u015f\u0131r. Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n temel amac\u0131 \u00fclkenin ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemektir. Bu ama\u00e7la parasal i\u015flemler konusunda T\u00fcrk paras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferini korumak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetle ortakla\u015fa t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri alacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Merkez Bankas\u0131 fonksiyonunu y\u0131llarca rahmetli Cemil Meri\u00e7\u2019in \u201cad\u0131ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi T\u00fcrk olmayan banka\u201d<\/strong><\/span> dedi\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131<\/strong> y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Temel g\u00f6rev ve yetkiler Madde 4\u2019te \u201cfiyat istikrar\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/span> olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u201cBanka, fiyat istikrar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama amac\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fmemek kayd\u0131yla H\u00fck\u00fcmetin b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve istihdam politikalar\u0131n\u0131 destekler.\u201d \u0130fadesi yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Temel g\u00f6revlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 1 b) H\u00fck\u00fcmetle birlikte<\/span> T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f de\u011ferini korumak i\u00e7in gerekli tedbirleri almak ve yabanc\u0131 paralar ile alt\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki muadeletini tespit etmeye y\u00f6nelik kur rejimini belirlemek..\u201d <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0olunca h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kendi atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6revlerinde \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmetle birlikte\u201d<\/span> <\/strong><\/em>ibaresi yer alan Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n, tek ba\u015f\u0131na karar almas\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7ok da hukuki g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu kadar bir a\u00e7\u0131klama san\u0131r\u0131m, h\u00fck\u00fcmet kanad\u0131n\u0131n Merkez Bankas\u0131na s\u00f6ylenmesini anlamaya yeterlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6nce Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finden k\u0131sa bir kesit. Malum Osmanl\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi d\u00f6nemidir.\u00a0Y\u00f6netimi derken, zaman\u0131nda ve tam olarak \u00f6denmesinden s\u00f6z ediyoruz, yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n. Osmanl\u0131 paras\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz paras\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurunun sabit tutulmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Bu ama\u00e7la Galata bankerlerinden Alleon ve Baltaz\u0131ylazi ile bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019ya yap\u0131lacak \u00f6demelerin kuru belirlenir. 1847 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111,1,153],"tags":[156,154,155],"class_list":["post-7966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","category-genel","category-tarih","tag-bank-i-dersaadet","tag-merkez-bankasi","tag-osmanli-bankasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7966"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8651,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7966\/revisions\/8651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}