{"id":8240,"date":"2016-06-30T20:24:50","date_gmt":"2016-06-30T20:24:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=8240"},"modified":"2016-09-10T16:32:40","modified_gmt":"2016-09-10T16:32:40","slug":"turk-isciler-almanyada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=8240","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130LER ALMANYA\u2019DA: 55 YILLIK NOSTALJ\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Almanlar\u0131n efsane Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Ludwig Erhard Nazi d\u00f6neminin hemen sonras\u0131nda Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 olarak 1949\u2019da kabinede yerini al\u0131r. 1957\u2019de ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, 1963\u2019te \u015eans\u00f6lyedir. Almanya iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sonucunda a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar veren bir \u00fclkedir. O, zor bir d\u00f6nemde ekonomi bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00dclke sava\u015ftan b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, Almanya ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Her \u015fey yeni ba\u015ftan kurulacak, bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131ktan imara kadar, sanayi ve end\u00fcstri de geli\u015ftirilecektir. Sava\u015f\u0131n yaralar\u0131n\u0131 sarmak azimle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra kaynak da gerektirmektedir. Geliri olmayan, sava\u015ftan yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in gelir \u00f6nemli bir sorundur.<br \/>\nD\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan Erhard, Alman halk\u0131na konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre daha tasarruf \u00f6nermekte <strong><em>\u201cbe\u015f sene tasarruf etmekle, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc zenginlik ve al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde bir gelir d\u00fczeyini\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>vaat etmektedir. Bunun anlam\u0131 tasarruf edip para biriktirirlerse, sadece be\u015f sene ama, daha l\u00fcks ev, daha l\u00fcks arabaya sahip olmak anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. B\u00f6yle de olmu\u015ftur\u2026 Almanya 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7eker olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7ileri de 1961 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren bu s\u00fcrece dahil olmu\u015ftur. Bu y\u0131llardan itibaren Almanlar i\u015f se\u00e7er olmu\u015f, zor ve k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015fler yabanc\u0131lara terk edilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n31 Ekim 1961`de Almanya`ya T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flamas\u0131, 1961\u2019de Berlin Duvar\u0131`n\u0131n \u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 zamana denk d\u00fc\u015fer. Do\u011fu Almanya`dan ka\u00e7ak giri\u015flerin engellenmesi nedeniyle, Bat\u0131 Almanya`n\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7i a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla kapatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6nemli bir potansiyel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<br \/>\nT\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ilk 2 bin 500 i\u015f\u00e7i Almanya`ya gelir. Almanya T\u00fcrk halk\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131p para kazanmaya gidilen \u00a0bir <em><strong>\u201cyaban\u201d<\/strong><\/em> olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131r: \u201cAlmanya`ya gelen T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7iler, Almanya`da birka\u00e7 sene kal\u0131p, o s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, biriktirdikleri parayla memleketlerinde ev al\u0131p, i\u015f kuracak\u201d geri d\u00f6necektir, onlar\u0131n yerle\u015fme niyeti yoktur. Almanlar da T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ge\u00e7ici oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp onlar\u0131 misafir i\u015f\u00e7i olarak nitelendirmi\u015fti. Ancak b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131&#8230; Bug\u00fcn Almanya`da 4 nesildir ya\u015fayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon T\u00fcrk var. Bu T\u00fcrklerin de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyonu T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 Alman\u201d d\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu <em><strong>\u201cgidici\u201d<\/strong><\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Almanlar i\u00e7in de hep b\u00f6yle alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7reli yazar Max Frisch&#8217;in <em><strong>\u201cAlmanya`ya \u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131k, insan geldi\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>s\u00f6z\u00fc, Almanlar\u0131n da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn insani boyutunu \u0131skalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir ifadedir. Asl\u0131nda bununla, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir entegrasyon politikas\u0131 ile i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netilmedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekilmektedir. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n 1980 ihtilali sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den siyasi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n da gitti\u011fi yer olmas\u0131 Almanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkler ile ilgili kal\u0131c\u0131 politikalar \u00fcretmesinin \u00f6nemini anlamas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<br \/>\n1980 ba\u015f\u0131nda Almanya\u2019daki T\u00fcrk say\u0131s\u0131 bir milyonu a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya 1983`ten 1985`e kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan <strong>\u201cGeri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Te\u015fvik Yasas\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ile 375 bin T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye`ye geri d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1 milyon 700 bin rakam\u0131na ula\u015fan T\u00fcrk say\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcn Alman vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7en yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon T\u00fcrk ile birlikte 3 milyonu a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fler ve gidi\u015fler devam etmektedir. E\u011fitim, evlilik ve i\u015f gibi nedenlerle gidi\u015fler, her zaman Almanya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 nezdinde cazibesini korumas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nDil bilmek en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri Almanya\u2019daki T\u00fcrkler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan problem olmu\u015ftur. 1960`l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Almanya`ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrklerde Almanca dil sorunu ya\u015fan\u0131rken, 2. ve 3. nesil T\u00fcrk g\u00f6\u00e7lerinde ise T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dil sorunu ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ilk gelenler sa\u011fl\u0131k problemlerini \u00e7\u00f6zmede zorlanm\u0131\u015f uzun s\u00fcre tedavi olamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<br \/>\nBug\u00fcn Almanya`n\u0131n ve Alman toplumunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkler, Almanya`da sanatta, siyasette, sporda, tiicarete her alanda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 kariyerlere sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Helmut Kohl\u2019\u00fcn T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylemi\u015f oldu\u011fu <em><strong>\u201cT\u00fcrkleri bizim siyaset\u00e7imiz, y\u00f6neticimiz olarak yeti\u015ftirmek zorunday\u0131z. Yar\u0131n \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde onlar s\u00f6z sahibi olacaklard\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong><\/em> \u0130fadesi T\u00fcrklere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi ad\u0131na \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\nSuriyeli g\u00f6\u00e7menlere kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 karde\u015f\u00e7e a\u00e7an bir \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin\u201d Almanya politikalar\u0131ndan alaca\u011f\u0131 dersler oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Almanlar\u0131n efsane Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Ludwig Erhard Nazi d\u00f6neminin hemen sonras\u0131nda Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 olarak 1949\u2019da kabinede yerini al\u0131r. 1957\u2019de ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, 1963\u2019te \u015eans\u00f6lyedir. Almanya iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sonucunda a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar veren bir \u00fclkedir. O, zor bir d\u00f6nemde ekonomi bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00dclke sava\u015ftan b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, Almanya ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Her \u015fey yeni ba\u015ftan kurulacak, bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131ktan imara kadar, sanayi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,153],"tags":[313,310,312,314,311],"class_list":["post-8240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-tarih","tag-31-ekim-1961","tag-almanya","tag-helmut-kohl","tag-ludwig-erhard","tag-turk-isciler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8240"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8293,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8240\/revisions\/8293"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}