1980\u2019lerden itibaren g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 her 10 y\u0131lda bir farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131; farkl\u0131 alg\u0131land\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri de buna g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzetti. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi belki ama problemler yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u015flevsizle\u015fti. 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcren Ruslar\u0131n Afganistan\u2019\u0131 \u0130\u015fgali (1979), \u0130ran\u2019da Humeyni\u2019nin y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmesi (1979), Irak-\u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131 (1979-1988), 21 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkenin 38 kentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ASALA ter\u00f6r eylemleri (1975-1985), \u0130talya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, K\u0131z\u0131l Tugaylar (1978), \u0130sve\u00e7 Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Olof Palmenin \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi (1976), Tamil Kaplanlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu (1976)\u2019nun yan\u0131s\u0131ra devam eden b\u00f6lgesel sorunlar: Balkanlar \u00f6zellikle Bosna\u2019da soyk\u0131r\u0131m (1992-1995), Ortado\u011fu, Ruanda, Somali, Yemen vs. Elbette son olarak bildi\u011fimiz Irak\u2019tan Suriye\u2019ye Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de 1980\u2019lerin ortas\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015f g\u00f6steren PKK sorunu, g\u00fcvenlik\u00e7i politikalar\u0131 etkileyen, 40 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nG\u00fcvenlik esasl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00f6teleyen yakla\u015f\u0131mlara do\u011fru ge\u00e7i\u015f, bir t\u00fcr so\u011fuk sava\u015f\u0131n da \u201cd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi\u201d sonucudur. Tek kutuplu d\u00fcnya ve d\u00f6nemin SSCB\u2019sinin super g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kendi i\u00e7 sorunlar\u0131na dalmas\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel bir sava\u015f ihtimalinin de azalmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7memi\u015f ve SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, haliyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni \u00fclkeler dahil d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler ve ulusal g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u201cArt\u0131k g\u00fcvenlik ve silahlanma ile ilgili harcamalar azalt\u0131lmal\u0131\u201d fikri yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 G\u00fcvenlik\u00e7i politika kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Adeta savunduklar\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 fikirler bir anda erimi\u015f gitmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin gidi\u015fat\u0131 da o y\u00f6nde idi: 1980\u201flerde ba\u015flay\u0131p, 1990\u2019lar ile h\u0131zlanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00fclkelerin s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 yerine \u201cetnik sorunlar, ekonomik g\u00fcvenlik, toplu g\u00f6\u00e7 ve ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, insan ticareti, uyu\u015fturucu ve \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131\u201d gibi sorunlara daha fazla odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Haliyle bu d\u00f6nem yeni ara\u00e7lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, donan\u0131m ve insan kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak da farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2000\u2019ler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, y\u0131l sonundan itibaren ABD se\u00e7im kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n vaad listelerine de\u011finmemek olmaz. G.W.Bush (2001) ve Al Gore aras\u0131nda \u00e7eki\u015fmeli ge\u00e7en se\u00e7im yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndemi, \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerden al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u015fekilde, \u201cdaha fazla g\u00fcvenlik\u201d \u00fczerine kurgulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha az kamu harcamas\u0131, daha fazla sosyal haklar ve uygulamalar bu d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fat se\u00e7im vaatleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.
\nBu d\u00f6nem bireyin g\u00fcvenli\u011finin esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Devlet g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, s\u0131n\u0131r ihlalleri ile i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f tehditler bir sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; g\u00fcvenlik konusu, bireyle ilgili alanlar\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ekonomik refah\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00e7evre kayg\u0131s\u0131, her t\u00fcr kimlikler, siyasi haklar askeri mevzulardan daha \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015ftur. S\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunun salt fiziki olarak alg\u0131lanmamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yeni d\u00f6nem, \u00fclkelerin birbirlerine meydan okuyarak \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ekonomik refah, demokrasi ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, temiz \u00e7evre, eri\u015filebilir su konusu dahi toplumlar i\u00e7in de\u011ferli g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden \u0130nsani Geli\u015fmi\u015flik Endekslerinde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer almak, kalk\u0131nma sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve tercih edilen, var\u0131\u015f \u00fclkesi haline gelmek \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nG\u00fcvenlik ilk insandan bug\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7lar s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda birinci s\u0131radad\u0131r. Devletler i\u00e7in de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit konusu, \u00f6nceliklenen bir husus olarak, g\u00fcvenli\u011fin temel gerek\u00e7esini \u201cbeka\u201d olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik kavram\u0131n\u0131n kalbinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u201csavunma\u201d ve \u201cdevlet\u201d vard\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik konusunda askeri terminolojinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131, her zaman bir ilerleme olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek gerekmektedir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcndeminin geni\u015fleme s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesidir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz her\u015feyin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc askeri y\u00f6ntemlere havale etmek, y\u00fckselen bir trend olmakla birlikte, pek de arzu edilir de\u011fildir.
\nG\u00fcvenlik konusu devletlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eder bir hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mesele olur. Yoksa \u00fclkenin kara para aklama ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 paran\u0131n merkezi olmas\u0131; uyu\u015fturucu, fuhu\u015f, kumar, insan ticareti gibi kaynaklardan gelir elde etmesi belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kabul edilebilirdir. Bu durumda devletin me\u015fruiyeti de\u011fil, i\u015flemlerinin me\u015fruiyeti sorgulanmaktad\u0131r. Gayr-\u0131 me\u015fru i\u015fleri olan devlet ile gayr-\u0131 me\u015fru devlet bu y\u00fczden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nG\u00fcvenlik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 esas alan durumlarda karar alma s\u00fcreci \u00f6nemlidir. Bu durum demokratik toplumlarda siyasi iradenin tercihleri ve toplumsal talepler ile geli\u015fir. Kullan\u0131lan dil ve kavramlara y\u00fcklenen manalar\u0131n ortak olmas\u0131 beklenir. Zaman kayb\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp aceleye getirilen ya da zaman kazanmak ad\u0131na zamana yay\u0131lan s\u00fcrecin ard\u0131ndan, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma ihtimali de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele gibi yo\u011fun g\u00fcvenlik ortam\u0131 gerektiren uygulamalara kat\u0131lan personelin \u201ckoruma\u201d alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 bu anlamda \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1980\u2019lerden itibaren g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 her 10 y\u0131lda bir farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131; farkl\u0131 alg\u0131land\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri de buna g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k arzetti. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi belki ama problemler yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler i\u015flevsizle\u015fti. 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcren Ruslar\u0131n Afganistan\u2019\u0131 \u0130\u015fgali (1979), \u0130ran\u2019da Humeyni\u2019nin y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmesi (1979), Irak-\u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131 (1979-1988), 21 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkenin 38 kentinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ASALA ter\u00f6r eylemleri (1975-1985), \u0130talya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,166,153,243],"tags":[317,333,329,332,331,336,334,335,330,337],"class_list":["post-8259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-guncel","category-tarih","category-teror","tag-11-eylul","tag-21-farkli-ulkenin-38-kentinde-gerceklesen-asala-teror-eylemleri-1975-1985","tag-beka","tag-irak-iran-savasi-1979-1988","tag-iranda-humeyninin-yonetimi-ele-gecirmesi-1979","tag-isvec-basbakani-olof-palmenin-oldurulmesi-1976","tag-italya-basbakaninin-oldurulmesi","tag-kizil-tugaylar-1978","tag-ruslarin-afganistani-isgali-1979","tag-tamil-kaplanlarinin-kurulusu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8259"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8261,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8259\/revisions\/8261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}