{"id":8496,"date":"2017-04-11T20:34:28","date_gmt":"2017-04-11T20:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=8496"},"modified":"2017-04-11T20:34:28","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T20:34:28","slug":"altyapi-bitmeden-ustune-cikilmiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/?p=8496","title":{"rendered":"\u201cALTYAPI\u201d Bitmeden \u00dcst\u00fcne \u00c7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>&#8220;&#8230;K\u0131talar\u0131 ipek bir kuma\u015f gibi keser bi\u00e7erdik<\/em>&#8230;<\/strong>&#8221; derdi rahmetli <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Cemil Meri\u00e7.<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 Bir de k\u0131talar\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine birle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rse; ta\u015f ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne koymadan, bir u\u00e7tan bir uca ula\u015fmadan bu i\u015flerin olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6ylerdi&#8230; O <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&#8220;az geli\u015fmi\u015flik&#8221;<\/strong> <\/span>yaftas\u0131n\u0131n, bunlar olmadan y\u0131rt\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6ylerdi mutlaka. 100 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde de b\u00f6yleydi, \u015fimdi de&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yaralar\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 devletlerdeki yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi, \u00fclke ekonomilerini de etkilemi\u015fti. \u00d6ncelikle yeni siyasi s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve sonras\u0131nda h\u0131zlanan ekonomik <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>iyile\u015fme<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>sava\u015f yorgunu<\/strong> <\/span>\u00fclkelerde k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine de olsa i\u015flerin yeniden d\u00fczelece\u011fi ve her\u015feyin iyiye gidece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki beklentiyi artt\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ilk zamanlardaki bu geli\u015fmelere \u00e7ok fazla itiraz edecek yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin de ekonomik performans\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi noktas\u0131nda etkili oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Nitekim <strong>1920\u2019ler,<\/strong>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u201cK\u00fckreyen Yirmiler\u201d<\/strong><\/span> olarak an\u0131ld\u0131. Filmlere konu oldu, m\u00fczikler bestelendi. yeni yerle\u015fim yerleri, hafta sonu tatilleri ile hem mekanlar hem \u015fehirlilik geli\u015fti. Ekonomi hakikaten iyiye gidiyordu. Amerikal\u0131lar, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131na bula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f, d\u00fcnyaya d\u00fczen vermeye talip olmu\u015flard\u0131. Ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir teknoloji ve \u00fcretim patlamas\u0131 her yerde ticareti de tetikleyen bir durumdayd\u0131. Otomotivden, enerjiye kadar akla gelebilecek her sekt\u00f6r ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, geli\u015ftiriyor, \u00fcretiyor, kazan\u0131yor ve kazand\u0131r\u0131yordu. Patent enstit\u00fcleri ve merkezler non-stop \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n yeni kazanca evrilmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. Yeni fabrikalar, yeni makinalar, yeni mekanlar, yeni i\u015f\u00e7iler\u2026 toplum da hareketlenmi\u015fti. \u00dccretler art\u0131yor, t\u00fcketim art\u0131yor, bir borsa vard\u0131 ki herg\u00fcn y\u00fckseliyordu. \u0130yimser olmamak, gelece\u011fe g\u00fcvenmemek ne m\u00fcmk\u00fcn? Endi\u015felenenler kaybedenlerdi sadece: gecikenler: evham yapan karars\u0131zlar\u2026 b\u00f6yle bir on y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Sonra o me\u015fhur \u201c<strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u201d<\/strong> y\u0131l 1929\u2026 ve Roosvelt\u2019in New Deal politikas\u0131. 1930\u2019lar, devletin ekonomiye \u00f6nc\u00fc oldu\u011fu y\u0131llard\u0131. Ekonomide <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u201cGeni\u015fletici Maliye Politikalar\u0131\u201d<\/span> <\/strong>ile bor\u00e7lanma da bir gelir say\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131; a\u00e7\u0131klar harcamada kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flad\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda Keynes ve \u201c<strong>Genel Teori<\/strong>\u201dnin yol g\u00f6sterici oldu\u011fu <strong>Telafi Edici Konjonkt\u00fcr Politikalar\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu geni\u015fleme tecr\u00fcbesi 2008 krizinde yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. Kriz sonras\u0131 ABD dahil bir \u00e7ok \u00fclke geni\u015fleyici maliye programlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Halk\u0131n azalan harcama e\u011filimini, \u015firketlerin s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131n\u0131 dengelemek ad\u0131na devlet, harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak toplam talebi y\u00fckseltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu Keynesyen fikre g\u00f6re, hanehalk\u0131 ve \u015firketler harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltt\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde toplam sat\u0131\u015flar d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Stoklar t\u00fcketilmeyince \u00fcretim durmakta. \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar i\u015fsizli\u011fi tetiklemekte\u2026 Sonras\u0131nda y\u00fckselen i\u015fsizlik, talebin daha da k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak daralma y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir fasit daireye sebep olmaktad\u0131r&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Buradan hareketle ilk olarak 2009\u2019da Obama H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 787 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir <strong>harcama paketini<\/strong> uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Paketin 507 milyar dolarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 harcamalardan, geri kalan 282 milyarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 vergi kesintilerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Harcamalar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri <strong>altyap\u0131<\/strong> alan\u0131na ili\u015fkindi ($220 milyar).<\/p>\n<p>Sonraki \u00f6rnek \u00c7in\u2019den. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n \u0130pek Yolu&#8217;nun yeni ad\u0131mlar\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00a0\u00c7in\u2019de 8.000 km uzunlu\u011funda yeni h\u0131zl\u0131 tren yolu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131 ki bu da ba\u015fka bir altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Hem ula\u015f\u0131m, hem ba\u011flant\u0131, hem de pazar&#8230;\u00a0\u00c7in\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fcme bilindi\u011fi gibi y\u00fcksek. Ancak bunu sadece altyap\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak yanl\u0131\u015f olur. Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve Japonya da 1929 deneyimini politikalar\u0131na yans\u0131tt\u0131. Kriz sonras\u0131 geni\u015fleyici maliye politikalar\u0131, ihtiya\u00e7 olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle, altyap\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alanlarda idi. Haliyle kriz sonras\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme, hala beklenen d\u00fczeyde de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye ise dur durak bilmeyen <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">yat\u0131r\u0131m<\/span><\/strong> temposu ile bazen \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131kla izlenen b\u00fcy\u00fck<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> projelerle<\/span>,<\/strong> ekonomide <strong>\u201c\u00e7arpan\u201d<\/strong> etkisini \u00f6nemsedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u015eimdilerde b\u00fcy\u00fck altyap\u0131 projelerine ek, ayn\u0131 zamanda sekt\u00f6r bazl\u0131 te\u015fvik ve ilave yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ula\u015f\u0131m, sosyal altyap\u0131 ve enerji\/ elektrik \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yo\u011funla\u015fan bu yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131, ekonominin can damarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hem i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlar ile hem de &#8220;2023&#8221; vizyonu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen hususlar \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 temellendirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, hala daha <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>bir u\u00e7tan di\u011fer uca ula\u015fan bir otoyolu<\/strong><\/span> <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Finansman ve \u00f6nceliklere g\u00f6re 2023\u2019e kadar <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan kaynak<\/span> <\/strong>miktar\u0131 300 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerindedir.<\/li>\n<li>Ula\u015f\u0131m konusunda her ne kadar <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">deniz yolu ve limanlar<\/span><\/strong> konu\u015fulsa da 110 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde geli\u015fen yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ile <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">karayolu ve demiryolu<\/span><\/strong> sekt\u00f6rleri \u00f6nc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Enerji<\/span><\/strong> konusunda <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">n\u00fckleere<\/span><\/strong> dair geli\u015fmeler istenen h\u0131zda de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden<strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> yenilenebilir enerji<\/span> <\/strong>imkanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik at\u0131l\u0131mlar dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Finansman<\/span><\/strong>\u2026 Do\u011fru sermaye temini, finans kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fclkeye \u00e7ekilmesi hala \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ula\u015f\u0131m, Enerji ve IT<\/span><\/strong> altyap\u0131s\u0131 hala daha \u00f6nceli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;&#8230;K\u0131talar\u0131 ipek bir kuma\u015f gibi keser bi\u00e7erdik&#8230;&#8221; derdi rahmetli Cemil Meri\u00e7.\u00a0 Bir de k\u0131talar\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine birle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6rse; ta\u015f ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne koymadan, bir u\u00e7tan bir uca ula\u015fmadan bu i\u015flerin olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6ylerdi&#8230; O &#8220;az geli\u015fmi\u015flik&#8221; yaftas\u0131n\u0131n, bunlar olmadan y\u0131rt\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6ylerdi mutlaka. 100 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde de b\u00f6yleydi, \u015fimdi de&#8230; Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yaralar\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[205,111,462,1,166,454,214],"tags":[468,463,206,233,464,466,467,465],"class_list":["post-8496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dis-ticaret","category-ekonomi","category-enerji","category-genel","category-guncel","category-insaat-konut","category-sanayi","tag-468","tag-altyapi","tag-enerji","tag-kalkinma","tag-kriz","tag-liman","tag-oncu-ulke-turkiye","tag-otoyol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8496"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8498,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8496\/revisions\/8498"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acarhoca.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}